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Alshammari, Mohammed
Advanced 1 reading-writing
Final Exam
April, 30



                                                  The Effects of Pollution In NY

Pollution became a popular issue in every part in the world . In fact, pollution is increasing in many countries rather than other , especially in crowded cities like New York City in U.S . However, New York City is one of the most busy and crowded cities in the world . In addition , it's industrial city and has a lot of factories which the main reason of pollution . So , the pollution is increasing in New York by the smoke of transportation like airplanes and cars . However , there are many effects that causes by pollution in New York such as health problem , harm crops and animal life . 

First of all , air pollution affect on people health . Also, many diseases that able to spread out in the air and it affect on  people by breath polluted air . In addition , pollution makes the air not pure and it eliminate slowly the beauty of nature like forest and rivers . After that , the food and water would get harm by air pollution . For example , when someone drink polluted water that will affect negatively on his or her health .



Second , pollution affect on farm crops and fields because the plants grow up weekly and fewer than in the past . As a result , the food products are declining on the markets and it will be hard to find healthy and pure food in markets . Also , that harm food able to carry virus from farm to human body .



Finally , pollution may kill some animals because it harm their food and spread out the diseases between animals . Also , pollution destroys the natural of environment . For example , the trees will not grow up and that affect on the amount of oxygen that produce for people .



To sum up , the health problem , harm crops and animals issues are the major effects of pollution . However , people most find out the solution of this problem to save our world and environment . In my opinion , the scientists will solve this issue soon because the hybrid products are increasing and it help the pollution decline in New York and in every where in the world .

                                                    The Graying of the World


  The aging of the human has been faster than what we think . The aging of the world may change cultures in endless ways . In 1960s ,  the global growth rate declined from 2 percent  to around half that today, with many countries no longer producing enough children to stop increasing of  population. However , there are many of causes and effects of that graying around the world .

First of all , aging is one of graying's effects because people over 65 years old are the most presence in  the world . In contrast , younger people are decline . For example , three younger people in America can support one elderly person , but in future will be only two younger people can support one old people . Also , birth rate is decline in many countries around the world . On other hand , people are living until age 75 because of aging .

second , the number of younger people who support the old people are decreasing . For example , in 1946 , one elderly  person supported by 42 younger people ,then in 1960 were 9 younger people who support one elderly person , but today only three younger people can support one elderly person . Also , in future younger people who support elderly person will decrease to only two younger people . However , that decline in number of younger people affect on ratio of younger people who support elderly people .

Finally , old people are expensive because of social security and medicare benefits . For example , in United states the government pays a huge amount yearly to support old people in the country . So  , if the number of younger people continued to decline , there would be no more money for social security .

To sum up , the problem of graying in the world need to solve and we have to change . In my opinion , government in U.S should cut the taxes to help younger people help and support their parents and grandparents .

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                                                        Veterans  vs.  Nexters

  Generations in the culture of the american people have many different names and characteristics . However cultural generations depend on people who were born in the same date and share the same culture experience . In 1943 , people have begun to name each generation and the Veterans generation was the first one . Moreover , generations have been defined in many different ways and by different people. In fact , Veterans generation who fought in World War II was the greatest generation in american culture . In 1980 , Nexters generation became extremely different from Veterans and the modern technology was the main reason of that difference . In fact , Nexters who " born of the Baby Boomers and early Xers " is the youngest generation . Actually , There are many of differences between the oldest and the youngest generations . However , The biggest differences between Veterans and Nexters are education , communication and dealing with money . 

First of all , the education has been changed by researches and became more develop in Nexters time . For example , many of universities have online teaching which help studentes to study from home while that was not available in Veterans time . In fact , the education was not the norm for Veterans generation , but it is important thing for Nexters . Although the Nexters care about education , it really great expense for them . Moreover , the technology that use in teaching for Nexters is extremely different from Veterans' way to teach. So , there is a big different in education between Veterans and Nexters . 

Second , The communication and media between Veterans and Nexters are different because it became more modern . For example , Veterans used rotary phone for communication . On other hand , Nexters use technological systems devices to communicate with others . In fact , the main reason that was not modern technology in Veterans time . Therefor , the technology which used in communication is the biggest difference between Veterans and Nexters .

Finally , each of Veterans and Nexters have a special way to dealing with money . In fact , Veterans were a good savers , but Nexters always spend money . Moreover , Veterans always pay cash while Nexters sometimes are pay online . In fact , there was not a lot of opportunities for Veterans to spend money . For example , there was not a lot of shopping malls and expensive brands in Veterans time . In short , For each of Veterans and Nexters deal with money in different ways .

To sum up , there is a gap of differences between Veterans and Nexters . Especially ,  in education , communication and dealing with money . " modern generational gaps have often been attributed to rapid cultural change in the postmodern period , particularly with respect to such matters as musical tastes, fashion, culture and politics " , Hagestad, Gunhild O. and Uhlenberg, Peter. In my opinion , new technology is the most important reason for the difference in generations .

GM

Are Genetically Modified (GM) foods good or bad people?

  GM foods are foods derived from genetically modified animals or plants , which are specific changes submitted into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques . In 1990s , there were a great argument between people who for and against GM crops when they sold for first time . Some people were afraid of those products . Other support that idea because it will help and improve lives of many poor people around the world . However, There are many reasons for support and against GM food and products .

There are some reasons that make some people against GM food . First of all, the environmental dangers which carried harm to other organisms .For example, the pollen from B.t. corn caused high mortality rates 

in monarch butterfly caterpillars. So, that pollen from GM crops moves from one place to another and destroies the rest of the plants . "Many of the caterpillars died because dusted BT corn pollen" , entomologist John Losey said . Second reason is human health risks because some people believe that there are unnamed result human health . Especially the effects on children . Finally, GM causes economic concerns for some people and consumer advocates are worried that patenting these new plant varieties will raise the cost of seeds so high that small farmers and third world countries would not be able to afford seeds for GM crops .

On other hand , some people like what GM produce and there are some reason for that . First of all , the nutrition because that way makes poor people getting food easy . Second , it is possible to eat meat that tastes good and without killing an animals .So, that idea reduces the enormous of animals in the world. Finally , consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards. " Consumers acceptance been great" , said Rasty Perry who runs a papaya farm .

To sum up, GM foods have the potential to help many of the world's hunger people. Many people feel that genetic engineering is useful project of the future . However, we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology. In my opinion , GM foods are good projects to help poor people in the world . Especially the children because the golden rice that GM produce it has a vitamin A which a necessary thing for children and help all the generation in future .